Citing

All sources used in assignments and reports, whether in print, not in print, or published electronically, should be cited in line with the bibliographic techniques. Indicating the ideas, methods, data, or applications used or referred to in academic studies is an obligation. This obligation not only protects us from ethical violations, but is also important for honoring and holding accountable the author(s) of the reference material. Besides, the full and proper citation of resources will be helpful as well for other researchers who want to utilize the same resources we have. The bibliographic techniques and methods preferred in line with the different natures of academic disciplines may vary. The most widely used methods are MLA, APA, and Chicago Manual of Style. Unlike the others, Chicago has two types of method. One of these types, known as the author-date method, resembles MLA and APA methods and is based on briefly indicating the author and the publication date of the resource in brackets within the text, instead of in a footnote. In the bibliography section of this method, the publication date of the resource is placed right after the name of the author to make the signalling of the resource within the text easier. In the Chicago method known as Notes-Bibliography or Humanities, when a citation needs to be made, a number is given without spoiling the coherence of the text directing readers to the footnote section, in which there is bibliographic information regarding the resources used. Furthermore, should there be a need, more information can be provided, comments can be made, and those points which have to be noted but might spoil the coherence of the text can be included. The notes-bibliography method is preferred in the social sciences, especially in disciplines such as anthropology, history, art, and literature. Bibliographic methods may vary in accordance with the topic studied and the academic discipline. Students in the Department of Turkish Language and Literature will use the Chicago Manual of Style method in their assignments and theses.

You can find examples of footnotes and bibliographic entries prepared in line with the Chicago Manual Style 17th Edition Notes-Bibliography method below. For more examples, you can visit https://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/tools_citationguide.html

Examples: (“F” means footnote and “B” means bibliographic entry. Endnotes placed at the end of the chapters in articles, magazines, and books with multiple authors are no different from footnotes in terms of form.)

Books with a Single Author:

F: Erol Köroğlu, Türk Edebiyatı ve Birinci Dünya Savaşı, 1914-1918: Propagandadan Milli Kimlik İnşasına (İstanbul: İletişim Yayınları, 2004), 35.

B: Köroğlu, Erol. Türk Edebiyatı ve Birinci Dünya Savaşı, 1914-1918: Propagandadan Milli Kimlik İnşasına. İstanbul: İletişim Yayınları, 2004. 

Books with Two Authors: 

F: İnci Enginün and Zeynep Kerman, Bütün Eserleri/Ahmet Haşim (İstanbul: Dergah Yayınları,1991), 25-28.

B: Enginün, İnci, and Zeynep Kerman. Bütün Eserleri/Ahmet Haşim. İstanbul: Dergah Yayınları, 1991.

Books with Three Authors :

F: İrfan Dağdelen, Hüseyin Türkmen, and Nergis Ulu, Türk Kütüphaneciliğinden İzdişümler: Nail Bayraktara Armağan (İstanbul : Büyükşehir Belediye Başkanlığı - Kültürel ve Sosyal İşler Daire Başkanlığı - Kütüphane ve Müzeler Müdürlüğü, 2005).

B: Dağdelen, İrfan, Hüseyin Türkmen, and Nergis Ulu. Türk Kütüphaneciliğinden İzdişümler: Nail Bayraktara Armağan. İstanbul: Büyükşehir Belediye Başkanlığı, Kültürel ve Sosyal İşler Daire Başkanlığı, Kütüphane ve Müzeler Müdürlüğü, 2005. 

Books with Four or More Authors:

F: Günay Kut et al., Boğaziçi Üniversitesi Kandilli Rasathanesi ve Deprem Araştırma Enstitüsü Astronomi Astroloji Matematik Yazmaları Kataloğu : Kandilli Rasathanesi El Yazmaları (İstanbul: Boğaziçi Üniversitesi, 2007), 104.

B: Kut, Günay, Hatice Aynur, Cumhure Üçer, and Fatma Büyükkarcı. Boğaziçi Üniversitesi Kandilli Rasathanesi ve Deprem Araştırma Enstitüsü Astronomi Astroloji Matematik Yazmaları Kataloğu : Kandilli Rasathanesi El Yazmaları. İstanbul: Boğaziçi Üniversitesi, 2007. 

Books with both an Author and an Editor for Publication

F: Ahmet Mithat, Ahbar-ı Âsara Tamim-i Enzar:(1307-1890) Edebi Eserlere Genel Bir Bakış, ed. Nüket Esen (İstanbul: İletişim Yayınevi, 2003). 46.

B: Ahmet Mithat. Ahbar-ı Âsara Tamim-i Enzar:(1307-1890) Edebi Eserlere Genel Bir Bakış. Ed. Nüket Esen. İstanbul: İletişim Yayınevi, 2003. 

[If the author’s name is known, it is written first.]

Books with both an Author and a Translator:

F: Norman Hampson, Aydınlanma Çağı, trans. Jale Parla (İstanbul: Hürriyet Vakfı Yayınları, 1991), 150.

B: Hampson, Norman. Aydınlanma Çağı. Translated by Jale Parla. İstanbul: Hürriyet Vakfı Yayınları, 1991.

Chapter in an Edited Book:

F: Irvin Cemil Schick, “Güngör Dilmen’in ‘Ben, Anadolu’ Oyunu: Niyet Edilenler Kısmet Olmayınca…,” in Gaflet: Modern Türkçe Edebiyatın Cinsiyetçi Sınır Uçları, ed. Sema Kaygusuz and Deniz Gündoğan İbrişim (İstanbul: Metis Yayınları, 2019), 54.

B: Schick, Irvin Cemil. “Güngör Dilmen’in ‘Ben, Anadolu’ Oyunu: Niyet Edilenler Kısmet Olmayınca….” in Gaflet: Modern Türkçe Edebiyatın Cinsiyetçi Sınır Uçları, edited by Sema Kaygusuz and Deniz Gündoğan İbrişim, 51-62. İstanbul: Metis Yayınları, 2019.

Printed Article:

F: Köksal Seyhan, “Yunus Emre’nin Bir Şiirinde Şehir Alegorisi,” Türklük Bilgisi Araştırmaları Journal of Turkish Studies 24/II (2000): 240.

B: Seyhan, Köksal. “Yunus Emre’nin Bir Şiirinde Şehir Alegorisi.” Türklük Bilgisi Araştırmaları Journal of Turkish Studies 24/II (2000): 231-280. 

Electronic Article:

F: Zeynep Oktay-Uslu, “Alevism as Islam: Rethinking Shahab Ahmed’s Conceptualization of Islam through Alevi Poetry,” British Journal of Middle Eastern Studies 49, no. 2 (2020): 307, https://doi.org/10.1080/13530194.2020.1792831.

B: Oktay-Uslu, Zeynep. “Alevism as Islam: Rethinking Shahab Ahmed’s Conceptualization of Islam through Alevi Poetry.” British Journal of Middle Eastern Studies 49, no. 2 (2020): 305-326. https://doi.org/10.1080/13530194.2020.1792831.

Encyclopedia Entry:

F: Nuri Özcan, “Itrî Efendi, Buhûrîzâde,” in İslam Ansiklopedisi (İstanbul: TDV İslam Araştırmaları Merkezi, 1999). https://islamansiklopedisi.org.tr/itri-efendi-buhurizade.

B: Özcan, Nuri. “Itrî Efendi, Buhûrîzâde.” In İslam Ansiklopedisi. İstanbul: TDV İslam Araştırmaları Merkezi, 1999. https://islamansiklopedisi.org.tr/itri-efendi-buhurizade.

Well-known encyclopedias that cannot be confused with any similarly named publication need not be listed in the bibliography. In footnotes they are cited in short form. Example:

F: Encyclopaedia Britannica, 15th ed., s.v. “Salvation.”

Electronic Magazine Article:

F: Zeynep Uysal, “Hakikate Uzanan Yolda Tarih ve Edebiyat,” K24, October 6, 2016, https://t24.com.tr/k24/yazi/hakikat-tarih-edebiyat,878.

B: Uysal, Zeynep. “Hakikate Uzanan Yolda Tarih ve Edebiyat.” K24, October 6, 2016. https://t24.com.tr/k24/yazi/hakikat-tarih-edebiyat,878.

F: Olcay Akyıldız, “12 Ocak 1931: Dil(l)e direnen yazar Leylâ Erbil,” Çatlakzemin, January 12, 2022, https://catlakzemin.com/12-ocak-1931-dille-direnen-yazar-leyla-erbil/.

B: Akyıldız, Olcay. “12 Ocak 1931: Dil(l)e direnen yazar Leylâ Erbil.” Çatlakzemin, January 12, 2022. https://catlakzemin.com/12-ocak-1931-dille-direnen-yazar-leyla-erbil/.

Dissertation:

F: Zeynep Sabuncu, “Mihr ü Mah: A Mathnawi of Mustafa Âli” (M.A. thesis, Boğaziçi Üniversitesi, 1983), 112.

B: Sabuncu, Zeynep. “Mihr ü Mah: A Mathnawi of Mustafa Âli.” M.A. thesis, Boğaziçi Üniversitesi, 1983. 

Unpublished Conference:

F: Nazlı İpek Hüner Cora, “Genre and the Performance of Gendered Acts in Ottoman Prose Fiction” (Conference: Rethinking Genre in the Islamicate Middle East, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, September 5-7, 2019).

B:  Hüner Cora, Nazlı İpek. “Genre and the Performance of Gendered Acts in Ottoman Prose Fiction.” Conference: Rethinking Genre in the Islamicate Middle East, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, September 5-7, 2019.

Website Content:

F: “Citing,” Boğaziçi University Department of Turkish Language and Literature, accessed July 29, 2022, https://turkdili.boun.edu.tr/en/content/citing.

B: Boğaziçi University Department of Turkish Language and Literature. “Citing.” Accessed July 29, 2022. https://turkdili.boun.edu.tr/en/content/citing.

 

Last updated on: 30/07/2022


Son Güncelleme: 16:09:44 - 05.08.2022